темы 5 класс

BRITISH AND RUSSIAN TRADITIONS

       Every nation and every country has its own traditions and customs. In Britain traditions play a very important role in the life of people. British people are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up.

      One of the most famous English traditions is keeping 6 black ravens in the Tower of London. They have lived there for about 900 years. The old English legend says, that if the ravens leave the Tower, the Crown and Britain will fall. The keepers carefully look after them. If one of the birds dies, another  younger raven takes its place. The keepers cut the birds wings a bit as they are afraid that they may fly away.

       Another old English custom is Guy Fawkes Day. On the 5^th of November children go out into the street with a figure like a scarecrow- the guy. They ask people for “a Penny for the Guy”, then they buy fireworks and burn the guy on the bonfire.

       People in Russia have their own special traditions. One of them is Maslenitsa - the holiday, which lasts for a week to say goodbye to winter. People celebrate it at the end of February or at the beginning of March. During Maslenitsa week people always cook pancakes. They invite their nearest and dearest, to see each other and eat pancakes with sour cream, fish, caviar, butter, sugar or honey. In old times people also burnt straw figures of winter, sang songs and danced.

      Though different countries have different traditions and holidays, some holidays are the same in most countries. They are Christmas, Easter and New Year.

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Continents and Countries

    The planet we live on is the Earth. The Earth is round. There are 4 oceans and 6 continents on it. The continents are Europe and Asia, Australia, Africa, Antarctic and America. America consists of South America and North America. The continents are very large. Oceans and seas separate them from each other.

     There are usually many countries on each continent. I can name some countries from each continent. Russia, Great Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Spain are in Europe. China, India, Vietnam are in Asia. Canada and the USA are in America. Egypt is an African country. In Australia there is only one country – Australia.

     The largest country in the world is Russia. The smallest country is the Vatican. All countries have interesting people, places, animals and plants. People of different nationalities live in these countries. They speak different languages. Each country has its national flag, anthem, its own traditions and customs. 

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English – speaking Countries

    English is the most popular language nowadays. It is an international language. More than 315 million people speak English all over the world. In such countries as Russia, Germany, Spain, Italy people learn English as a foreign language. People will understand you practically everywhere if you speak English.

     In Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and many other countries people speak English as a native language. These are English-speaking countries. English is a little different in all these countries.

    For example, people speak American English in the USA, and British English in Great Britain.

      Different words often mean the same things: people live in flats in England and in apartments in America; people eat sweets and biscuits in England and candies and cookies in America. Children go to school in autumn in England and in the fall in America.

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Animals in Danger

    People have lived on our planet for many years. They live on different continents in different countries. People depend on the planet, the sun, animals, birds and plants.

    Many animals and plants are disappearing nowadays. Many of them are in danger. Indian tigers and African elephants are among them. People have hunted and killed many tigers in India and elephants in Africa.

    People hunt tigers for fun and for their beautiful skin. They can sell the skin and get a lot of money. People hunt elephants because of their tusks.

    Many less dangerous animals and birds are also disappearing from the Earth. Modern life is bad for them. The air is not fresh, the water is not clean. They often do not have good things to eat and space to live. You can find their names in the Red Book. You can find the names of some fish there too.

    People must take special care of them. We must save wild animals and birds. We must find the right balance between land, people and animals. People must take care of nature. 

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The Earth is in Danger

      Our planet is in danger. Many people do not know how to protect wild animals and plants, how to keep water clean and the air fresh. They try and help nature.
Water is very important for life on Earth. It is in our oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. There is very little water on Earth that is good for drinking. In many rivers and lakes the water is very dirty. In many places the water is not drinkable and it is dangerous to use it when you cook. Even fish die in such water.
For example Lake Baikal is the deepest freshwater lake on Earth. The lake is very beautiful but now it is in great danger, because of the factories which are near it. In some places the water in the lake is so dirty that it kills the animals and plants in Baikal and around it.
The way people live has changed the climate on our planet. Nowadays the temperature is rising. If the temperature grows by 3-4 degrees it will become more difficult to live on the planet. Some people’s activities do a lot of harm to the forests. People cut down trees to build farms, homes and roads. Many animals and plants lose their homes. This is bad for the Earth air too. Modern plants and factories send a lot of smog into the atmosphere. Nowadays it’s difficult to breathe in big cities. So, the problem now is to protect life on Earth and to save our planet for the future.

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The Land and the People of Great Britain

       The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is the official name of the state which is situated in the British Isles. It consists of four countries which are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
The UK is an island state. The two main islands are Great Britain (where England, Scotland and Wales are situated) and Ireland. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.
     The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Straits of Dover. The UK is also washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.
      Everyone who was born in Britain is British. People from England are English. People from Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland are not English. They are Scottish or Scots; Welsh and Irish. 
     More than 56 million people live in Britain. Many of them live in big industrial cities like London.

Manchester and Liverpool, for example, are big industrial cities in the centre of England. There are many lonely hills, quiet rivers, deep lakes and farmlands especially in the south of the country.
Everyone in Britain speaks English, but in some parts of Scotland and Wales people speak different languages as well.
    The flag of the United Kingdom is known as the Union Jack. It is made up of three crosses: the cross of St. George (the patron saint1 of England), the cross of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland).

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The Queen and the Parliament

    In Britain the Queen is the Head of State but she doesn’t rule the country because she has no power. The Queen is the symbol of the country. She travels about Britain, meets different people and visits schools, hospitals and other places.

    At the beginning of the 20^th century Britain ruled many countries, for example India and Pakistan. They were the British colonies. Now these countries are independent states.

    In 1949 Britain and the former colonies founded the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth includes many countries such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others.

    The real power in the UK belongs to the British Parliament and government. The British Parliament has two houses: the Houses of Commons and the Houses of Lords. The members of the House of Commons have more power- they can make laws. And the members of the Houses of Lords can offer, change and delay laws. They are often aristocrats, people of the church, lawyers and former politicians.

   The members of the Houses of Commons are elected every five years. 

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The British Way of Life

    In different countries people have different ways of life. I would like to compare the British way of life and the way of life of people on the continent.

    On the continent people seldom speak about weather. And in England if you don’t repeat the phrase “It’s a nice day today, isn’t it?” two hundred times a day, people think that you are dull.

    On the continent Sunday papers appear on Monday, and in England Sunday papers appear on Sunday.

    On the continent some people like cats, others don’t, and in England cats are special animals. Everyone loves and takes care of them.

   On the continent people often show off their knowledge and in England they don’t do it.

   On the continent you can easily offend people. And in England people accept everything with a sense of humour. You can offend them only if you tell them that they have no sense of humour.

    On the continent people either tell you the truth or lie, and in England they neither tell the truth nor lie.  

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How to Keep Fit

    It’s very important to be healthy, because health is the most important thing in our life. If you want to keep fit you should eat healthy food, take a cool shower every day, go to bed and get up early, and of course you should take regular exercises. You may go in for swimming, running of play different active sports games.

    But sometimes we are ill. When we fall ill we usually call a doctor. A doctor examines us, he takes our temperature and blood pressure, feels our pulse, listens to our chest, heart and lungs. Then he diagnoses the illness and prescribes us the necessary medicine. If you follow the doctor’s advice you soon get better. In order to keep fit I try to eat a lot of vegetables and fruit, porridge and fish. I drink a lot of water, take a cool shower, do morning exercises and practise football.  

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British Sports and Games

       The British people like sports and games. Their favorite sports are football, cricket and hockey, athletics and climbing, horse-riding and boating, rugby and rowing.
Britain invented and developed many of the sports and games which are now played all over the world. Football is one of them. Probably the most popular sport nowadays was first developed in England. It is spread all over the country-in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their national teams compete with each other every year. The two best teams play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. National teams of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland take part in European competitions and other international matches. There are many football clubs all over Britain.
Cricket is another popular summer sport.. It is known that people played cricket in England as early as 1550. Nowadays days this summer game, which is typically British, is played in schools, colleges and universities and in most towns and villages of Britain. Teams play weekly games from late April to the end of September. Cricket is a very long game, and quite dangerous. International cricket matches can last for 5 days because it is very slow. Girls and women play this game too. Boxing as a British sport is one of the oldest. It existed even in Saxon times. Golf was developed in Scotland and now is widely spread all over Britain. Tennis, or lawn tennis, is another popular game in Britain. It was first played in England in 1872 and the first championship at Wimbledon, in west London.
Swimming, boating and sailing have always been popular in Britain and are enjoyed by thousands of people.

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Shopping

      Shopping is very popular nowadays. Some people prefer shopping to other hobbies. Some of them do shopping for pleasure, but all of us go shopping for necessary things. We buy food, clothes every week and we have to save some money to buy more expensive things.

When we want to buy something we go to a shop or market. There are many kinds of shops in every city. We can mention food supermarkets, department stores, clothing stores, grocery, bakery and butchery.
I like to do shopping at large department stores and supermarkets. There is a great variety of goods in one building, you can buy or try on everything you like. 
In a clothing store you can buy such things as: dresses, costumes, shorts, trousers, overcoats.
In a food supermarket, we can also buy many different things at once: fish, sugar, flour, tea, macaroni and so on. 
At the butcher’s there is a wide choice of meat: pork, beef, mutton, chicken. 
At the bakery, you buy brown and white bread.
Another shop we always go is the greengrocery, where we can buy such as: cabbage, potatoes, onions, cucumbers.

As for me, I prefer ______________________________________________
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Билеты к экзамену 5 класс по учебнику «English V» И.Н.Верещагина, О.В.Афанасьева

1.      Give a talk on British and Russian Traditions     Текст № 20 с. 74    

Remember to say:

·       if every nation has its own traditions

·       what British traditions you know

·       what you know about black ravens in the Tower of London and celebrations of Guy Fawkes’ Day

·       if Russian people have special celebrations

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

2.      Give a talk on Continents and Countries     Текст № 19 с. 88

      Remember to say:

·       how we call out planet

·       what the continents and countries are 

·       what the biggest and smallest countries are

·       about  nationalities, languages, customs and traditions

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

3.      Give a talk on English-speaking countries     Текст № 23 с. 106

Remember to say:

·        why  English is the most popular language nowadays

·       where  people speak English as a native language

·       if Americans and the English speak the same language

·       about  examples of British and American English

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

4.      Give a talk on Animals in Danger     Текст № 17 с. 118

Remember to say:

·        if people depend on the planet they live on

·       if many birds and animals are disappearing and why

·        about Indian tigers and African elephants

·       what  we must do to save them on our planet

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

5.      Give a talk on the Earth in Danger    Текст № 22 с. 144

       Remember to say:

·        what sort of day  April 22 is

·       what  people think of on that day

·        why  water is very important

·       how  people change the climate on the Earth

·       what people’s activities do a lot of harm to the Earth

           The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

6.      Give a talk on the Land and the People of Great Britain     Текст № 16 с. 160

           Remember to say:

·       what  the official name of the state which is situated in the British Isles is

·       what  the parts of the UK are

·        about water bodies, people and languages

·        what  the Union Jack is

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

7.      Give a talk on the Queen and Parliament    Текст № 21 с. 175

Remember to say:

·       what  the British way of ruling the country is

·       what was founded in 1949

·       who  the real power in the country belongs to

·       about the members of the Houses of Lords and the Houses of Commons

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

8.      Give a talk on the British way of Life      Текст № 17 с. 186

Remember to say:

·       about the differences between the life on the continent and in England

·       what the English accept and what  they are proud of

·       what  they think

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

9.      Give a talk on the Health and how to keep fit     Текст №  -  с. –

 Remember to say:

·       what  people usually do to keep fit

·       If people feel ill what  they should do

·       how  the doctors usually help sick people

·       what makes you personally happy and healthy

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

10.  Give a talk on Popular British Sports and Games    Текст № 19  с. 239

Remember to say:

·       if British people like sports

·       what sports  Britain invented

·       about cricket and boxing

·       what the most famous places in London  and near it for  two important championships are held?

·       why the British are less interested in skating and skiing

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.

11.  Give a talk on Shopping and Money    Текст № -   с. –

       Remember to say:

·       if you like shopping

·       what and where you buy

·       if you prefer big shopping centres or small shops

·       what you prefer to buy

The teacher will listen to you until you finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions.